Arabic Literature became known because of the collection of the Koran, a thee sacred book of Islam. In 17th century A.D. The Arabic language soon became a major world language as Islamic faith spread into Asia, Africa, and Europe.
Different periods have been passed and changes of dynasties occurred in the Islamic world. In Umayyad Period (A.D. 661-750) Arabic prose literature was limited primarily to grammatical treatise, commentaries on the Koran, and compiling of stories about Muhammad and his companions. Poetic forms such as love lyrics called Ghazals, wine songs and hunting poems were favored by Al-Akhtal and Al-Farazdaq. These forms the conditions of life and manners found in the territories conquered by Islam. Here comes the greatest period of development and achievement which is the Abbasid Empire (750-1258). Persians influenced them in literature and Arabians were able to translate Persian works such as Ibn al-Muqaff, led to a new refinement in Arabic prose called Adab and the style of the Koran which is sprinkled with poetry and utilizing rhyming prose. An inventive type of folk literature exemplified in “The Thousand and One Nights,” drew upon the recitations of wandering storytellers called rawis. Abu Nawas was a poet who used Arabic language with greater freedom and imagination while al-Maarri and al-Mtanabi are the greatest among the poets. Next is the Modern period, during the centuries of Ottoman Turkish domination, Arabic literature falls into decline. In mid-19th century the Arabic literature was revived through an intellectual movement called Nahdah which originated in Syria and spread to Egypt. Arabic writers of the past hundred years have been extremely versatile. Most of their work is characterized by a strong concern for social issues. Lastly, the Golden Age of Arabic Prose is an era studded with names of brilliant writers such as the essayist al-jahiz and Abu Hayyan al-tawhidi and the critic Ibn Qucaybah. Mora, instructive and assuring anecdotes was Tanukhi.
There is not much evidence of written literature among the Arabs before the Islamic period. Oral traditions, the poetry of the North Arabs, particuarly the Bedouin tribes of the fifth and sixth centuries, are the most outstanding in artistry and sensuousness of feelings. Poetry was constructed in elaborate meters of which sixteen are universilly recognized.
All verses are divided into types:
1. Occasional Poems-consisting 2 to 20 lines whose themes are usually war and revenge and praise of one’s own tribe.
2. Collection or Anthologies-Al-Mu’allgqat, a group of pre-Islamic Odes.
a) Al-Mu-Allkat means “suspended” because these poems were supposed to have been displayed by the Arabs on the Kaaba at Mecca.
b) Al hamasa is an anthrology compiled by poets ABRETAMMAN about 836 A.D. Derive it’s name from the beginning of books and poems.
c) Mujaddiyat is a collection of poems named after MUFADDALIBN YA’LA who compiled them for the future caliph Mahdt between 762 and 784.
The Food paradise
Believing only in the name of God without action is useless. We must not only rely ourselves to God but we need to do our duties as human being and as his servants. We should be remain faithful to Him and at the same time we continue to achieve our goals. I believe that everything will be provided if we keep on moving because God gives food to everyone but its quality and kind are dictated by what man deserves.
The Enchanted Horse
Love will do everything and push you beyond the limit. A story that will teach you that love will always be the key to find happiness. If you really love the person and you think he or she is the one, no doubt that at the end they will be the couple that will stay forever like the princess of Bengal and the prince of Persia. Revenge was also depicted in the story which remind us that it would only lead us to devastation if we have impure intentions. It is not good to hold grudges towards a person because it will only cause more trouble and the worst thing is you will be killed like the Indian man.
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